Carroll Muffett: Executive Director

Carroll is the Executive Director of FILE and oversees all aspects of the foundation.  He also serves as Chair of FILE’s Management Board.

Prior to joining FILE in 2024, Carroll was most recently President & CEO at the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) where he successfully led the team for 14 years.  Prior to joining CIEL in 2010, Carroll served as Executive Director of the Climate Law & Policy Project; Deputy Campaigns Director of Greenpeace USA; and Senior Director for International Conservation at Defenders of Wildlife.  Before joining Defenders, Carroll was an attorney with Covington & Burling, and worked as a legal fellow at CIEL.

Carroll has authored numerous articles and textbook chapters on national and international environmental policy.  He is a recognised leader in the emerging field of international legal responses to climate change.  He is co-editor with Carl Bruch and Sandra Nichols of Governance, Natural Resources and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding (Routledge 2016) for the Environmental Law Institute and the United Nations Environment Programme.

Carroll is a member of IUCN’s Commission on Environmental Law and has served on an array of nonprofit and editorial boards during his career.

Sophie Pullan: Management Board Member

Sophie joined FILE at its inception and brings over 20 years of valuable experience in philanthropy, grant-making and operations. She is passionate about the power of philanthropy to make systemic change on climate and is supporting FILE to bring together legal and convening expertise for game-changing impact. 

Prior to FILE, Sophie had a career in environmental philanthropy with roles at the European Climate Foundation and as the Portfolio Manager for Climate Change at the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF).

Sophie holds a Masters in Modern Languages from Oxford University; a joint Masters in European Studies from Institut d'Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po) Paris and the University of Bath; and a postgraduate diploma in Charity Accounting and Financial Management from Bayes Business School.